薄伽梵歌 13.14

Kshetra Kshetrajna Vibhaga Yoga · 中文翻译

薄伽梵歌 13.14 — "彼于一切处有手有足,眼首口耳周遍;普覆诸界而安住。"
薄伽梵歌 13.14 — Kshetra Kshetrajna Vibhaga Yoga
梵文

सर्वतः पाणिपादं तत्सर्वतोऽक्षिशिरोमुखम् | सर्वतः श्रुतिमल्लोके सर्वमावृत्य तिष्ठति ||१३-१४||

转写

sarvataḥ pāṇipādaṃ tatsarvato.akṣiśiromukham . sarvataḥ śrutimalloke sarvamāvṛtya tiṣṭhati ||13-14||

这节经文是什么意思?

在这节经文中,黑天(Krishna)向阿朱那(Arjuna)揭示至上意识(Brahman)的遍在性。经文描述神圣存在虽然无形无相,却拥有遍布一切的手、足、眼和耳,象征其全知全能的特质。它强调这一终极实相无处不在,覆盖并渗透整个宇宙万物之中。核心教导是:超越个体的局限,认识到神性是维系万有的唯一基础。

背后的教义

此节经文属于 Jnana Yoga(智瑜伽)的范畴,特别是萨克亚(Sankhya)哲学中关于“知者”与“所知的非二元论”探讨的一部分。它深入阐述了梵(Brahman)作为宇宙终极实相的属性:遍在、全知且无所不包,超越物质形态的限制却又是万物的内在支撑。这一教导旨在引导修行者通过理智的分辨力,从对有限身体的认同中解脱出来,证悟无限的自我本质。

逐字释义
सर्वतः everywhere, पाणिपादम् with hands and feet, तत् that, सर्वतः everywhere, अक्षिशिरोमुखम् with eyes, heads and mouths, सर्वतः everywhere, श्रुतिमत् with ears, लोके in the world, सर्वम् all, आवृत्य having enveloped, तिष्ठति exists
古典注释
He (the knower of the field or Para Brahman) pervades everything in this world. He fills and surrounds this world with Himself. He abides in the universe enveloping everything. In the previous verse it is said that the Brahman Which is to be known is neither being nor nonbeing. One may think that It is nonentity or void or nothing. In order to remove this misapprehension, the Lord says in this verse that the knowable has hands and feet everywhere, etc. It directs the mind and the senses to do their proper functions. This is only the manifest aspect of Saguna Brahman (Brahman with attributes).Just as the enginedriver drives the engine, so also the knowable or the knower of the field drieves the bodyengine. It is the Inner Ruler. It is the innermost Self. It is the support, substratum or basis for this world, body, mind, lifeforce and the senses. The existence of Brahman is determined or ascertained or indicated by the existence of the limiting adjuncts, viz., body, mind and senses, because there must be selfconsciousness behind their activities. How can you call It nonexistence thenJust as the rope is not affected by the alities or the defects of the illusory superimposed snake, so also Para Brahman (the knower of the field) is not affected by the superimposed world, body, senses, mind and the lifeforce. There is only one common consciousness is eternal, selfluminous and allpervading. That common consciousness is Para Brahman. The body, mind, senses and the lifeforce are by nature insentient. But they are moved by Brahman to action. They act on account of the mere presence of Brahman or the knower of the field. (The limiting adjuncts are illusory.) Hence they put on the semblance of consciousness, just as the iron piece puts on the semblance of a magnet when it is in the presence of a magnet. The whole world is superimposed on Brahman like the snake on the rope. This is called Adhyaropa. It is sublated by the method (Yukti) of Apavada (negation or denial).This verse is taken from the Svetasvataropanishad 3.16.

发生在何处

这段经文出自《摩诃婆罗多》中俱卢之野大战的紧张时刻,位于黑天向阿朱那阐述“场与知者”(Kshetra Kshetrajna)哲学的第13章核心部分。在此之前,阿朱那因对亲属和导师产生情感依恋而陷入绝望,不愿战斗;随后黑天开始引导他区分物质身体与永恒的灵魂。此时,战场上的硝烟未散,但对话已转向形而上学的高度,旨在帮助阿朱那超越恐惧,从个体小我的视角跃升至宇宙大我的认知层面。

今日应用

当你在职场中面对一个看似无法解决的复杂项目或团队冲突时,可以运用此经文的智慧:不要只盯着眼前的困难(即“手与足”的局限),而要意识到一种超越个人意志的更高秩序正在运作。这种视角能减轻焦虑,让你明白自己只是宏大计划中的参与者而非唯一的掌控者。通过信任宇宙法则(Dharma)并放下对结果的过度执着,你反而能以更清醒、平和的心态做出最佳决策,正如神性遍在一切处一样,解决问题的智慧也潜藏在你内心的宁静之中。

儿童解释

想象一下,你有一个超级大朋友,他就像空气一样看不见摸不着,但你的所有玩具、房间和整个世界都藏在他的怀抱里。虽然你看不到他的手在帮你拿东西,也看不到他的眼睛在看你玩耍,但他其实无处不在,保护着你的一切。这就好比宇宙中的神性(Krishna),虽然我们平时感觉不到,但他像一张大网一样包裹着整个地球和我们每一个人。

每日省思

亲爱的朋友,你是否曾感到自己渺小而孤独?其实,那无所不在的 Krishna(克里希纳)就在你的每一个细胞中,也透过万物与你同在。当你放下“我”与“他者”的二元对立,便会发现这宇宙正是祂周遍安住的展现。

今日的修习

静坐时,请观想觉知之光遍照全身与宇宙。无论身处何地,你内在的神圣意识如同拥有无数手足、眼耳,正无碍地感知并包容一切存在。

核心教导

  1. 无所不在的神圣临在
    神并非局限于某处圣地或偶像之中,而是拥有无数的手足与感官,遍布于每一个时空点。这意味着神圣的觉知(Chaitanya)超越了物理形态的限制,同时存在于一切众生之内。
  2. 遍在的感知者
    经文描述神“眼首口耳周遍”,象征着祂是全知的观察者与全能的行动者。作为 Kshetrajna(地之知者),祂超越了物质世界(Kshetra)的限制,却又不离不弃地维系着整个宇宙的运行。
  3. 万有的一体性
    神“普覆诸界而安住”,揭示了万物背后统一的本源 Brahman(梵)。透过这一视角,我们不再视自己为孤立的个体,而是神圣整体中不可分割的一部分。

主题

神性的遍在性 (Divine Omnipresence)全知全能的全能属性 (Omnipotence and Omniscience)场与知者瑜伽 (Kshetra Kshetrajna Yoga)超越物质形态 (Transcending Form)宇宙的内在主宰 (Inner Controller of the Universe)非二元论智慧 (Non-dual Wisdom)

相关经文

2.473.304.186.59.4

接下来阅读

  1. 13.24 — 此节进一步阐述 Kshetrajna(知者)如何像太阳一样照耀一切知识领域,深化对遍在性的理解。
  2. 7.8 — 此节提到“我是光”,帮助读者将抽象的神圣遍在感转化为对自然现象中神性光芒的直观体验。

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常见问题

为什么神性被描述为拥有遍布一切的手、足和眼?
这并非指物理形态,而是一种隐喻性的表达,用以说明宇宙最高力量(Brahman)的全知与全能。它意味着神圣意识无所不在地感知万物(有耳、有眼),并能同时作用于万事万物(有手、有足)。这种描述打破了我们对神性必须具有固定人形的狭隘认知,强调其超越物质限制的无限能力。
在日常生活中如何应用“神性遍在”这一概念来减少焦虑?
当你感到无助或焦虑时,可以默想这节经文的含义:意识到你并非独自面对困难,而是被一种更宏大的智慧(Brahman)所包围和支持。这种视角的转变能减轻对个人掌控一切的执着,让你明白无论发生什么,宇宙都在以一种超越我们理解的方式运作和维持平衡。通过信任这种遍在的神圣秩序,内心的不安会逐渐转化为深深的宁静与信心。
其他语言: 薄伽梵歌 13.14 →