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薄伽梵歌 15.3

Purushottama Yoga · 中文翻译

薄伽梵歌 15.3 — "此树之形于此不可得见，无始亦无终，无基亦无住；当以不执之利斧斩断此根深蒂固的菩提树。"
薄伽梵歌 15.3 — Purushottama Yoga
此树之形于此不可得见，无始亦无终，无基亦无住；当以不执之利斧斩断此根深蒂固的菩提树。
梵文

न रूपमस्येह तथोपलभ्यते नान्तो न चादिर्न च सम्प्रतिष्ठा | अश्वत्थमेनं सुविरूढमूलं असङ्गशस्त्रेण दृढेन छित्त्वा ||१५-३||

转写

na rūpamasyeha tathopalabhyate nānto na cādirna ca sampratiṣṭhā . aśvatthamenaṃ suvirūḍhamūlaṃ asaṅgaśastreṇa dṛḍhena chittvā ||15-3||

这节经文是什么意思？

在《博伽梵歌》第15章中，克里希纳向阿周那指出，物质世界如同一个根深蒂固的菩提树（Ashvattha），其形态无法在此世被完全看清。这棵树没有起点也没有终点，既无根基也无归宿，象征着无尽的轮回与执着。经文教导我们要用“不执着的利剑”斩断对这棵树的依恋，从而从虚幻的物质束缚中解脱出来。

背后的教义

这一偈颂深刻体现了吠檀多哲学中的“幻象”（Maya）概念以及业报瑜伽（Karma Yoga）的核心——即通过行动而不执着于结果来获得解脱。它将物质世界描述为一种永恒流转的束缚系统，并指出只有通过智慧之剑斩断无明与依恋，个体灵魂才能回归其本源Brahman（梵）。

逐字释义
न not, रूपम् form, अस्य its, इह here, तथा as such, उपलभ्यते is perceived, न not, अन्तः (its) end, न not, च and, आदिः (its) origin, न not, च and, संप्रतिष्ठा foundation or resting place, अश्वत्थम् Asvattha, एनम् this, सुविरूढमूलम् firmrooted, असङ्गशस्त्रेण with the axe of nonattachment, दृढेन strong, छित्त्वा having cut asunder
古典注释
The idea is continued in the next verse. So long as one is under the sway of ignorance, he cannot understand the form of this tree, its end, origin and foundation (middle). O Arjuna Thou mayest perhaps consider that such a huge tree cannot be uprooted by any means whatever. It is not so. However firmly rooted it may be, it can be cut by the powerful axe of nnattachment or dispassion within the twinkling of an eye. After cutting this tree you will have to look within, meditate on the Self and behold the Supreme. Tatha As such As described above. Is it necessary to pull down castles in the air or to break the horns of a hare or to pluck a flower growing in the sky or to get butter from the milk of a tortoise or oil from stone Similarly? O Arjuna, there is no reality in this tree. Therefore why should you entertain any fear as to whether it may be uprooted or not Its form as such is not perceived by anybody here it is like a dream or a mirage or an imaginary city in the sky formed by the clouds or caused by a juggler. It appears and disappears. This tree has DrishtaNashtaSvarupa like the mirage. That object which is destroyed when one beholds it is DrishtaNashta. Nobody has perceived the end, the origin or the foundation of this illusory tree. No one can say that it has arisen from such and such a place or point. Samsara or the peepul tree is inveterately deeprooted. You will have to struggle hard to uproot it with its seed or the selfreproducing deep root. Asanga Dispassion, freedom from attachment to children, wealth and the world. Dridhena Strong. You will have to cut the tree with a strong axe which is sharpened again and again on the whetstone of the practice of discrimination. Further your mind should be turned towards the Supreme Being with the strong determination that you can attain eternal bliss only in Him and that He is the ony Reality. The desire for sensual pleasure is Sanga. Its opposite (dispassion) is Asanga. Renunciation of the three kinds of Eshanas (desires), viz., children, wealth and the world (PutraVittaLokeshana) is Asanga. Just as the axe cuts the tree, so also dispassion cuts this tree of Samsara. Hence dispassion is termed an axe. Cutting the tree of Samsara is annihilation of egoism, ignorance, latent tendencies, and renunciation of the fruits of all actions, through the practice of dispassion, control of the mind and the senses, etc. (Cf. VII.14)

发生在何处

此偈出自《摩诃婆罗多》中库鲁克谢特拉战场的关键时刻，克里希纳正担任战车御者并对阿周那进行精神指引。此时阿周那因对亲友的过度眷恋而陷入道德困境与绝望，拒绝参战。在阐述了灵魂不朽和职责（Dharma）之后，克里希纳引入“菩提树”的隐喻，旨在打破阿周那对短暂物质关系的执着认知，引导他超越生死的恐惧。

今日应用

在职场中面对一场激烈的晋升竞争时，我们往往会对结果、职位头衔或他人的认可产生强烈的焦虑与执念，这就像被一棵看不见的树缠住。克里希纳的教导提醒我们要运用“不执着”的智慧：全力以赴地工作（行动），但不过度纠结于最终能否得到那个位置（结果）。通过斩断对名利结果的过度依附，我们能在高压决策中保持内心的清晰与平静，从而做出更理性的选择并减少精神内耗。

儿童解释

想象一棵长得特别高、大得看不见顶的树，它的根深深扎在泥土里，你怎么也找不到它开始长在哪里，也不知道什么时候会结束生长。克里希纳告诉我们，这棵树就像我们对玩具或游戏的过度迷恋一样，让我们分不清现实和幻想。想要摆脱这种烦恼，我们需要像挥动一把神奇的斧头一样，学会不再紧紧抓住那些暂时的东西，这样我们就能自由自在地玩耍了。

每日省思

亲爱的朋友，你是否曾感到生活被无尽的渴望和身份认同所缠绕？这首经文温柔地提醒我们，这具身心之躯及其背后的欲望网络并非永恒实相，无始亦无终。当你开始觉察并切断对感官享受的执着时，内心的自由便会如利剑般显现。请相信，放下并非失去，而是回归那本自清净的真我。

今日的修习

闭上双眼，想象一棵根植于虚妄欲望、枝叶蔓延至三界的菩提树。在心中默念：'我以不执着的智慧利斧，斩断对这棵幻树的依恋与恐惧。'

核心教导

  1. 幻树之喻 (The Metaphor of the Tree)
    经文将物质世界描绘为一棵无始无终、根深蒂固的阿湿婆陀（Ashvattha）菩提树，其根系向上连接诸神，枝叶向下覆盖众生。这象征着轮回与业力网络的复杂性与虚幻性，提醒我们世间万象并非究竟实相。
  2. 不执之斧 (The Axe of Non-Attachment)
    'asaṅgaśastreṇa'（不执着之剑/斧）是斩断此树的关键工具，代表通过瑜伽修习获得的智慧与超然态度。唯有切断对果报、身份及感官对象的依恋，心灵才能从这棵树的束缚中解脱出来。
  3. 回归本源 (Returning to the Source)
    当斩断此树后，修行者将不再受生老病死的轮回法则支配，从而抵达永恒的庇护所——即至高人格 Krishna 的境界。这标志着从短暂的物质存在转向了不朽的灵性觉悟与解脱。

主题

不执着 (Non-attachment)物质世界幻象 (Maya)业报与轮回 (Karma & Samsara)精神解脱 (Moksha)自我认知 (Self-realization)行动瑜伽 (Action Yoga)

相关经文

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接下来阅读

  1. 2.47 — 此节阐述了行动瑜伽（Karma Yoga）的核心：只关注行动本身而不对结果执着，这是斩断欲望之树的实践基础。
  2. 3.30 — Krishna 教导将一切行为奉献给祂，这种全然的奉献精神正是那把能彻底切断业力束缚的利剑。
  3. 12.15 — 此节描述了那些已经斩断执着、不畏惧亦不渴望的人的特质，是解脱后的理想生命状态写照。

推荐阅读

经典译本 Bhagavad Gita translation Swami Sivananda → 吠檀多哲学 Advaita Vedanta commentary on Shrimad Bhagavatam → 深度解析 Bhagavad Gita Aurobindo meaning of dharma karma yoga →

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常见问题

为什么经文说这棵树没有起点、终点和根基？
这是因为在轮回（Samsara）的视角下，物质世界的因果链条是无尽且深奥难测的。人类有限的感官无法完全感知其起源与终结，它象征着由无明驱动的永恒循环过程，而非一个有具体物理起点的实体。
"不执着的利剑"具体指的是什么？
这把“利剑”并非实物，而是指代精神上的智慧（Jnana）与对物质结果的超然态度（Asanga）。它代表一种能够切断我们对财富、名声、关系以及感官享受产生病态依恋的心理力量。
斩断这棵树之后会发生什么？
当一个人成功通过不执着切断了与物质世界的过度联结后，他便不再受轮回的束缚。此时，灵魂将超越生死的循环，回归到永恒、喜乐的本源——即梵（Brahman）或至高人格神克里希纳那里。
这个比喻对现代人的日常生活有什么实际意义？
它教导我们在追求目标时保持内心的自由：我们可以努力工作和奋斗，但不应让失败打击自信，也不应因成功而迷失自我。这种心态能帮助我们减轻焦虑和压力，在快速变化的世界中获得真正的内心平静。
其他语言: 薄伽梵歌 15.3 →