Bhagavad Gita 18.10

Moksha Sanyasa Yoga · Traducción al español

Bhagavad Gita 18.10 — "El hombre de renuncia, impregnado de pureza, dotado de inteligencia y con sus dudas cortadas por com"
Bhagavad Gita 18.10 — Moksha Sanyasa Yoga
Sánscrito

न द्वेष्ट्यकुशलं कर्म कुशले नानुषज्जते | त्यागी सत्त्वसमाविष्टो मेधावी छिन्नसंशयः ||१८-१०||

Transliteración

na dveṣṭyakuśalaṃ karma kuśale nānuṣajjate . tyāgī sattvasamāviṣṭo medhāvī chinnasaṃśayaḥ ||18-10||

¿Qué significa este verso?

En este verso, Krishna le explica a Arjuna las cualidades de una persona verdaderamente renunciada y sabia. Tal individuo no siente aversión hacia las tareas difíciles ni apego excesivo por las que son placenteras. Esta actitud surge porque ha alcanzado la pureza mental (sattva) y su intelecto está afilado, habiendo disipado todas sus dudas internas sobre el deber.

La enseñanza detrás

Este verso sintetiza los principios del Karma Yoga (el yoga de la acción desinteresada) y el Jnana Yoga (la sabiduría). Desarrolla el concepto de que el verdadero renunciamiento no es abandonar las acciones físicas, sino eliminar la aversión y el apego psicológico hacia ellas.

Palabra por palabra
न not, द्वेष्टि hates, अकुशलम् disagreeable, कर्म action, कुशले to an agreeable one, न not, अनुषज्जते is attached, त्यागी the abandoner, सत्त्वसमाविष्टः pervaded by purity, मेधावी intelligent, छिन्नसंशयः with his doubts cut asunder
Comentario clásico
All actions are eally welcome to the man of renunciation. He is not affected by either pleasure or pain. He is not elated at performing pleasant actions nor does he find unpleasantness when he does disagreeable actions. He does not hate the latter, nor is he attached to the former. Neither has he aversion to painful actions nor attraction to pleasant ones. As he has no attachment to any action or its rewards, he will do any action for the welfare of all beings. Akusalam Karma Disagreeable work or work done with expectation of reward, which becomes the cause of bondage to Samsara, by producing a body. He does not hate an unpleasnt action, thinking? Of what use is itKusale To good ones which include obligatory daily duties. He has no attachment to them even with the notion that they lead to salvation by purifying the heart and conseently giving rise to the dawn of knowledge and devotion to it. When one abandons attachment to action and desire for its reward and performs actions vigorously, his heart is filled with Sattva or purity which produces discrimination between the Real and the unreal, the Eternal and the transient. Then he attains knowledge of the Self which dispels all the doubts caused by ignorance. He now realises that the only means of attaining the spureme bliss or eternal peace or immortality is knowledge of the Self. This rends asunder all his doubts. What is the nature of doubt Does Brahman exist or not Do the Upanishads deal with Saguna Brahman or Nirguna Brahman Is the individual soul identical with the Supreme Being or not Will I be able to realise the Self or not Will any of the Karmas (Prarabdha? Sanchita and Agami) affect me Does this Samsara whose nature is the feelings I do this and I enjoy this belong to the Self or to the mind and intellect What are the means for liberation -- Yoga, devotion? Karma or knowledge of the Self What is Moksha Is it Selfrealisation or the attainment of the Salokya? Samipya? Sarupya and Sayujya states (dwelling in the kingdom of God, proximity to Him, assuming the same form as the Lord and merging in Him)When a man practises Karma Yoga he gets purity of heart and through purity of heart knows himself to be the immutable actionless Self Who is destitute of birth, or remains without acting or causing others to act (Cf. V.13). He attains devotion to the knowledge of the Self and freedom from all actions. The purpose of the Karma Yoga described above has been taught in this verse. Medhavi He who is endowed or united with wisdom. He is a Sthitaprajna. What is Medha, then It is the immediate knowledge of the identity of the individual soul and the Supreme Being by meditation on the right significance of the great sentence (I am Brahman or That thou art), which,is free from the three kinds of doubts, viz.? Samsaya Bhavana (doubt)? Asambhavana (improbability) and Viparitabhavana (perversion), and by the practice of the four means and service of the Guru (who is versed in the scriptures and established in Brahman) and hearing the truths from him. Such a Medhavi will not think that prohibited actions which bind an ignorant man will be unfavourable to him. He will never think that they will bind him if he has to perform them, because he is above good and evil, virtue and vice, right and wrong. He has no idea of agency (Kartritva Abhimana) he feels that he is a Kritakritya, one who has accomplished all actions. This does not mean that he will do wrong actions. As his will is one with the cosmic will, whatever action he performs will be in accordance with the scriptures. He will never deviate even a fraction of an inch from the rules of the scriptures. The Lord alone works through his mind and senses as he has no individual will. RagaDvesha (likes and dislikes) are the motives that induce a worldly man to actions. As they are absent in a sage or a Medhavi, he can renounce the fruits of all actions and actions as well. As the ocean remains calm amidst stormy waves, even so a Sattvic man remains calm amidst adverse or stormy conditions of life. He recognises that the happenings of life are inevitable. He acts in a variety of ways but is not disturbed as he has a balanced and disciplined mind. There must be no hatred for unpleasant or disagreeable action that brings physical suffering, danger or unlucky results or untoward conseences, when it is the work that should be done. You will have to accept such work also with a willing heart and work with hear and soul. You must have a profound and comprehensive understanding of its need and meaning also. Arjuna failed to understand in the beginning the deep significance and need of the work given by the Lord. He brought in his own foolish philosophy. He failed to do his bounden duty because, due to ignorance, he thought it was an unpleasant or disagreeable action to kill people but in the end when his eyes were opened by the valuable teachings of the Lord, he understood the need and the meaning of the work although it appeared to him as disagreeable and unpleasant in the beginning, and said My illusion is destroyed. I have gained knowledge through Thy grace? O Krishna. I am firm, my doubts are gone. I will act according to Thy instructions.

Dónde ocurre

Este verso se encuentra en el capítulo final de la Bhagavad Gita (18), donde Krishna concluye su enseñanza sobre el Yoga del Renunciamiento y la Liberación. En este punto crucial del Mahabharata, Arjuna ha escuchado exhaustivamente las enseñanzas previas pero aún siente cierta confusión sobre cómo actuar en medio de una guerra fratricida. Krishna describe aquí al verdadero 'tyagi' (renunciante) como alguien que ya no está dividido por la dualidad, dándole a Arjuna el modelo mental necesario para enfrentar su deber sin miedo.

Aplicación para hoy

Considera un escenario moderno donde debes completar un informe laboral tedioso y complejo en lugar de asistir a una fiesta social agradable. Una persona con esta sabiduría no evita el trabajo aburrido por resentimiento, ni se distrae obsesivamente buscando solo las actividades divertidas que le gustan. En su lugar, asume la tarea difícil con ecuanimidad porque entiende que es necesario para sus responsabilidades, manteniendo una mente clara y sin ansiedad.

Explicado para niños

Imagina que tienes que limpiar tu cuarto desordenado o hacer una tarea difícil de matemáticas; un niño sabio no odia hacerlo ni se pone a llorar. Del mismo modo, si tiene algo divertido como jugar videojuegos, no necesita pegarse a ellos todo el día sin parar. Una persona con renuncia sabe hacer lo que debe hacerse por igual, sea aburrido o emocionante, porque entiende que es importante.

Reflexión diaria

Hoy te invito a mirar tus obligaciones no como cargas que merecen ser evitadas, sino como oportunidades para purificar tu mente. Cuando surja la tentación de rechazar algo incómodo o de anclarte desesperadamente en el placer, recuerda que el verdadero renunciante (tyagi) actúa desde una pureza interior inquebrantable. No se trata de negar tus sentimientos, sino de dejar que la sabiduría corte las dudas y te permita servir sin apego ni aversión.

Una práctica para hoy

Siéntate en silencio y observa tu reacción ante las tareas desagradables de hoy; no te juzgues, simplemente nota si surgen rechazo o aversión. Luego, visualiza cómo la inteligencia pura (medhavi) disuelve esa resistencia, permitiéndote actuar con ecuanimidad sin aferrarte a lo placentero ni huir de lo difícil.

Enseñanzas clave

  1. Ecuanimidad ante el placer y el dolor
    El versículo enseña a trascender los extremos de amar lo agradable (kuśala) y odiar lo desagradable (akuśalam). La verdadera renuncia no es la huida física, sino la estabilidad mental que permite actuar con igual ecuanimidad ante cualquier circunstancia.
  2. La inteligencia como cortadora de dudas
    El término 'chinnasaṃśayaḥ' describe a quien ha eliminado por completo la confusión sobre su deber y propósito. Esta claridad mental (medhavi) es lo que permite al sabio actuar sin vacilación, guiado por una comprensión directa de la realidad.
  3. La pureza como base del verdadero renunciamiento
    Solo quien está impregnado de sattva (purity) puede practicar el tyaga auténtico sin caer en la falsedad o el engaño. Este estado espiritual permite servir a través de la acción, manteniendo el corazón libre de las dualidades que atan al ser.

Temas

renuncia verdaderaecuanimidad mentalsuperación de la dualidadinteligencia espiritualdeber sin apegopurificación del alma

Versos relacionados

2.473.304.1818.666.5

Lee esto después

  1. 2.47 — Este versículo fundamental establece el derecho al trabajo sin apego, complementando directamente la idea de no aborrecer ni aferrarse presentada en el 18.10.
  2. 3.30 — Ofrece una visión práctica sobre cómo ofrecer todas las acciones a Krishna, lo que facilita alcanzar ese estado de ecuanimidad descrito como sattvasamāviṣṭo.
  3. 12.15 — Describe las cualidades del devoto amado por el Señor, incluyendo la ausencia de aversión y apego, confirmando los frutos de vivir según este versículo.

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