薄伽梵歌 17.3

Shraddhatraya Vibhaga Yoga · 中文翻译

薄伽梵歌 17.3 — "众生之信仰皆随其本性而生,阿周那。人即由其信仰所成;人之信仰如何,其人亦复如是。"
薄伽梵歌 17.3 — Shraddhatraya Vibhaga Yoga
梵文

सत्त्वानुरूपा सर्वस्य श्रद्धा भवति भारत | श्रद्धामयोऽयं पुरुषो यो यच्छ्रद्धः स एव सः ||१७-३||

转写

sattvānurūpā sarvasya śraddhā bhavati bhārata . śraddhāmayo.ayaṃ puruṣo yo yacchraddhaḥ sa eva saḥ ||17-3||

这节经文是什么意思?

在这首《薄伽梵歌》17章3节的颂诗中,黑天(Krishna)正在向阿周那(Arjuna)解释信仰的本质。他教导说,每个人的信仰形式都与其内在的自然本性(Guna)相一致;一个人的本质决定了他的信仰形态。核心教义是:人就是由他的信仰所构成的,你相信什么,你就会成为什么样的人。因此,改变命运的关键在于净化并提升内心的自然属性。

背后的教义

这一教导深刻体现了数论派(Sankhya)哲学中关于三德(Gunas:善良、激情、愚昧)的理论框架,并将其应用于业瑜伽(Karma Yoga)的修行基础。它揭示了‘信仰’并非随机产生,而是个体灵魂内在本质属性的直接反映;通过净化本性并提升信仰的质量,行者可以逐步从低级的行动模式转向更高阶的智慧与解脱之道。

逐字释义
सत्त्वानुरूपा in accordance with his nature, सर्वस्य of each, श्रद्धा faith, भवति is, भारत O Arjuna, श्रद्धामयः consists of (his) faith, अयम् this, पुरुषः man, यः who, यच्छ्रद्धः in which his faith is, सः he, एव verily, सः that (is)
古典注释
The faith of every person conforms to his inherent nature or natural temperament. Man is imbued with faith. The term Svabhava is the last verse and the word Sattva in the present one are synonymous. A mans character may be judged by his faith. A mans faith shows what his character is. A man is what his faith has made him. A mans conduct in life is moulded or shaped by his faith. His faith will indicate his Nishtha (state of being, conviction). The faith of each man is according to his natural disposition or the specific tendencies or Samskaras or the selfreprodutive latent impressions of the good and bad actions which were performed in the past births. The faith of each man takes its colour and ality from the stuff of his being, his temperament, tendencies or Samskaras. Sattva Nature Natural disposition the mind with its specific tendencies. Each Every living being. Purusha Man The individual soul which is caught up in the wheel of transmigration the soul alified by mind. Sraddhamayah Full of faith Just as the Annamaya Kosa is full of food, just as the Anandamaya Kosa is full of bliss, so also the Antahkarana (mind, intellect, etc.) is full of faith. The man consists of his faith that which his faith is, he is verily that. This theory is only a repetition of the theory propounded in chapter VII, verses 20 and 23, and in chapter IX, verse 25.

发生在何处

此颂诗出自《摩诃婆罗多》中著名的俱卢之野大战(Kurukshetra)战场背景下的对话。此时,黑天正在回应阿周那在战场上因对亲属作战而产生的巨大道德困惑和情感崩溃。在前几节经文中,阿周那表达了放弃战斗的意愿,而黑天通过解释宇宙法则和自然属性(Guna),开始引导他理解行动与信仰的关系,为后续关于祭祀、施舍和苦行的具体教导做铺垫。

今日应用

假设你在职场中面临一个艰难的决定:是选择一份高薪但违背你原则的工作,还是坚持低薪却符合你价值观的岗位?根据这节经文,你的最终选择和随之而来的行动模式,完全取决于你内心深处的‘本性’和信仰强度。如果你内心深处认为金钱至上(拉贾属性主导),你会感到焦虑并可能做出妥协;若你认为正直是根本(萨埵属性主导),这种信念会赋予你坚持原则的力量,让你成为那个正直的人,从而改变你的职业轨迹和生活状态。

儿童解释

想象一下,如果你是一棵苹果树,你的心里只会想着结出甜甜的苹果;如果你是一棵橙子树,你就只想长出酸酸的橙子。这首古老的诗歌告诉我们,每个人心里的‘种子’(也就是信仰)都是不同的,就像不同种类的树一样。你相信什么、喜欢做什么,就会长变成什么样的大人。所以,如果你想成为一个善良勇敢的人,就要在心里种下善良和勇敢的种子哦!

每日省思

亲爱的朋友,你是否曾意识到,你此刻所珍视的信念和态度,其实正是你内在品质的真实写照?当你以真诚的敬爱去行事时,你的灵魂便自然趋向光明;反之,若被焦虑或无知裹挟,信仰也会随之扭曲。阿周那啊,不要试图改变外在的表象,而应深入内心,审视并净化你那独特的信仰根基,因为‘人即由其信仰所成’。

今日的修习

静坐片刻,观察自己内心对神圣、真理或日常事务的自发反应。问自己:‘我当下的信仰源于内心的纯净(悦性),还是源于激情与愚昧?’

核心教导

  1. 信仰随本性而生 (Shraddha follows Nature)
    每个人的信仰形式并非随机产生,而是严格对应其内在的三种自然属性(Gunas)——悦性、激性或愚昧。这意味着一个人的精神追求和崇拜方式,是其深层性格的直接反映。
  2. 人即由其信仰所成 (Man is what his faith is)
    人的本质并非固定不变,而是由他当下所持守的信仰不断塑造而成;你的信念决定了你成为什么样的人。改变一个人的命运,最根本的途径是转化其内在的信仰品质。
  3. 从形式到实质的净化 (Purification of Faith)
    虽然初始的信仰可能源于激性或愚昧,但通过正确的修行和对神圣(Krishna)的认知,信仰可以逐渐升华为悦性。修行的目标是将盲目的崇拜转化为基于智慧与真诚的纯粹信仰。

主题

信仰的本质 (Nature of Faith)三德属性 (Three Gunas)自我塑造 (Self-Construction)业力与行动 (Karma and Action)精神进化 (Spiritual Evolution)本性指引 (Guidance by Nature)

相关经文

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接下来阅读

  1. 17.4 — 紧接此节,详细阐述三种不同属性(悦性、激性、愚昧)的人分别崇拜何种神灵或对象。
  2. 3.28 — 进一步探讨如何超越三德的自然运作,理解‘我’并非行动者而是自然属性的观察者。
  3. 14.5 — 深入解析悦性、激性与愚昧这三种根本属性(Gunas)的起源及其对生命的束缚与解脱作用。

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常见问题

在修行中,如何区分真实的信仰和盲目的迷信?
根据这节经文的逻辑,真正的信仰是与其本性(特别是趋向光明的萨埵属性)相一致的,它带来内心的平静、清晰和对生命意义的深刻理解。而盲从或基于恐惧、贪婪的盲目行为则源于低级的激情或愚昧属性,往往导致混乱和痛苦。修行者可以通过观察自己的行动带来的结果——是自由还是束缚,来辨别信仰的真伪。
其他语言: 薄伽梵歌 17.3 →